## Classics
- **"The Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith (1776)**: Considered the foundation of modern capitalism.
- **"Principles of Economics" by Alfred Marshall (1890)**: A comprehensive textbook on microeconomics and
macroeconomics.
- **"Das Kapital" by Karl Marx (1867)**: A critique of capitalism and a foundational text for Marxist economics.
## Macroeconomics
- **"A General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money" by John Maynard Keynes (1936)**: Introduced the concept
of aggregate demand and the importance of government intervention.
- **"The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money" (also known as "Keynes' General Theory")** (1937): A
more detailed version of the earlier book.
## Microeconomics
- **"The Theory of Game and Economic Behavior" by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern (1944)**: Introduced
game theory and its application to economics.
- **"Microeconomic Theory" by Leonid Hurwicz (1955)**: A foundational text on microeconomics, covering topics
like supply and demand.
## Behavioral Economics and Psychology:**
- **"Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness" by Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein
(2008)**: Introduced the concept of behavioral economics.
- **"Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions" by Dan Ariely (2008)**: A book on how
cognitive biases affect economic decision-making.
**Development Economics
- **"The Poverty of Nations: Why Some Nations Fail and Others Succeed" by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson
(2012)**: Analyzes the causes of economic development.
- **"Diaspora and Development" by Daniel Kaufmann and Aart Kraay (2002)**: Examines the impact of diaspora
communities on host country economies.
## Keynesian Economics
- **"The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money" by John Maynard Keynes (1936)**: As mentioned earlier.
- **"A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960" by Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz (1963)**: A seminal
work on monetary economics.
## Other notable mentions
- **"The Intelligent Investor" by Benjamin Graham**: A classic book on value investing and long-term wealth
creation.
- **"Freakonomics" by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner**: A popular book that applies economic principles
to everyday life.
- **"Capital in the Twenty-First Century" by Thomas Piketty**: A comprehensive analysis of capital income and its
impact on economic inequality.
## Economics Books in Indian Context
These works span the history of Indian economic thought and offer a wide range of perspectives on the nation's economic development.
### Classical Works:
- **Arthashastra** by **Kautilya (Chanakya)** : Written around 300 BCE, this ancient text is a comprehensive treatise on statecraft, economics, and military strategy. It covers various topics such as governance, law, taxation, trade, and diplomacy, providing a detailed insight into the economic policies of ancient India.
- **Thirukkural** by **Thiruvalluvar** : A classical Tamil text by Thiruvalluvar, date is uncertain but it was written between 5th Century BCE and 3rd Century CE., which touches upon ethics, wealth, and governance. Its sections on wealth and economics are remarkably relevant even today, especially for understanding ethical commerce and trade practices.
- **Sukraniti** by **Shukracharya** : This ancient work, composed sometime between 600-900 CE, focuses on governance and polity but has substantial references to taxation, trade, wealth management, and the role of economic policies in maintaining the prosperity of a kingdom.
### Modern Works:
- **"Indian Economic Thought: Its Scope and Methods" by P.N. Haksar (1955)**: This book provides an overview of
the historical development of Indian economic thought, from ancient times to the mid-20th century.
- **"The Economics of India" by D.D. Basu (1928)**: A seminal work that explores the economic aspects of India's
independence movement and the country's post-independence development.
- **Poverty and Un-British Rule in India** by **Dadabhai Naoroji** : Published in 1901, this seminal work examines the economic consequences of British colonial rule on India. Naoroji introduced the concept of the “drain theory,” arguing that British policies impoverished India by draining its wealth to Britain.
- **Planned Economy for India** by **M. Visvesvaraya** : Written in 1934 by one of India’s foremost engineers and statesmen, this book advocates for a planned economic system to achieve industrialization and development in India. It was influential in shaping India’s early economic planning post-independence.
- **The Discovery of India** by **Jawaharlal Nehru** : While not purely an economic book, Nehru’s work provides a historical and socio-economic context to the Indian economy. It also reflects his views on socialism, economic planning, and nation-building, which influenced India's post-independence economic policies.
- **India: Planning for Industrialization** by **P.C. Mahalanobis** : This book explains Mahalanobis' famous "Second Five-Year Plan" and the model that underpinned it. The plan emphasized heavy industrialization and laid the foundation for India's mixed economy.
- **The Argumentative Indian** by **Amartya Sen** : Sen, a Nobel laureate, presents a collection of essays that delve into India's historical and contemporary issues, including its economic development. His ideas on welfare economics, poverty, and development have had a global impact.
- **India Unbound** by **Gurcharan Das** : Das provides an accessible narrative of India’s economic journey from independence to liberalization in 1991. The book explores the transition from a mixed economy to a more market-oriented approach and reflects on the reforms that shaped modern India.
- **Why Growth Matters** by **Jagdish Bhagwati** and **Arvind Panagariya** : This book discusses why economic growth is critical for reducing poverty in India. Bhagwati and Panagariya argue that pro-growth reforms, particularly those liberalizing the economy, are key to India's long-term economic success.
### Recent and Contemporary:
- **The Great Indian Middle Class** by **Pavan K. Varma** : This book captures the emergence and transformation of the Indian middle class post-liberalization, exploring its economic and social impact on the country's growth story.
- **In Service of the Republic** by **Vijay Kelkar** and **Ajay Shah** : A recent work that provides insights into India's economic policy framework, addressing key aspects such as taxation, fiscal policy, and market regulation, while advocating for reforms to boost India’s economic potential.
- **The Indian Renaissance: India’s Rise after a Thousand Years of Decline** by **Sanjeev Sanyal** : Sanyal traces the rise of India as a global economic power, emphasizing the country's historical ups and downs, and how liberalization in the 1990s paved the way for its current growth trajectory.
### Honorable Mentions:
- **An Uncertain Glory: India and its Contradictions** by **Amartya Sen** and **Jean Drèze**: Focuses on India’s social and economic challenges despite its rapid growth.
- **The Wealth of Nations: A History of Economic Thought** by **Manabendu Chattopadhyay**: Examines economic theories within an Indian historical context.
## To understand "Ratios in Economics" in a lucid way which books do you recommend?
**Recommended Books for Understanding Ratios in Economics**
Understanding ratios is a fundamental concept in economics, and there are several excellent books that can help
clarify this topic. Here are some book recommendations:
- **"The Economist's Guide to Economics" by The Economist**: This book provides an accessible introduction to
economic concepts, including ratios. It covers various types of ratios, such as price indices, productivity
measures, and income distribution ratios.
- **"Economics: A Very Short Introduction" by David Colander**: While not exclusively focused on ratios, this
concise textbook covers the basics of economics, including ratio analysis and data interpretation.
- **"Statistics for Dummies" by Deborah J. Rumsey**: This book is a great resource for learning statistical
concepts, including ratio calculations and data analysis.
- **"The Ratio Game: How to Make Better Financial Decisions Using Ratios" by David Bach**: This book provides
practical guidance on using ratios in personal finance and investing, making it an excellent resource for those
new to ratio analysis.
- **"Financial Statement Analysis: A Guide to Understanding the Numbers" by Robert H. Lorsch and Paul J.H.
Witherell**: This classic textbook focuses on financial statement analysis, including ratio calculations and
interpretation.
**Key Ratios Covered in these Books:**
- Price indices (e.g., CPI, PPI)
- Productivity measures (e.g., labor productivity, GDP per capita)
- Income distribution ratios (e.g., Gini coefficient, income inequality metrics)
- Financial ratios (e.g., debt-to-equity ratio, return on equity)
- Market ratios (e.g., price-to-earnings ratio, dividend yield)
**Tips for Understanding Ratios:**
- **Start with the basics**: Understand what each ratio represents and how it's calculated.
- **Practice with examples**: Use numerical examples to illustrate the concepts and calculations.
- **Learn to interpret results**: Develop skills to analyze and interpret the meaning of ratios in different
contexts.
- **Use visual aids**: Graphs, charts, and tables can help visualize data and facilitate understanding.
- **Apply ratio analysis to real-world problems**: Practice applying ratios to solve economic problems or make
informed decisions.
**Additional Resources:**
- Online courses: Websites like Coursera, edX, and Khan Academy offer courses on economics, statistics, and
financial analysis that cover ratio concepts.
- Financial news and publications: Stay up-to-date with current events and economic trends by reading financial
news sources, such as The Wall Street Journal or Bloomberg.
- Ratio calculators and tools: Utilize online resources, like calculator websites or spreadsheet software, to
practice ratio calculations and visualization.
By following these recommendations and practicing with examples, you'll develop a solid understanding of ratios in
economics and be able to apply this knowledge in various contexts.